MLSS和MLVSS的标准测定方法
仪器和实验用品 1.定量滤纸 2.马弗炉 3.烘箱 4.干燥器,备有以颜色指示的干燥剂 5.分析天平,感量0.1mg 实验步骤(括号内为实际操作) 1.定量滤纸在103-105℃烘干,干燥期内冷却,称重,反复直至获得恒重或称重损失小于前次称重的4%;重量为m0;(干燥8小时后放入干燥器冷却后称重为最终值或Φ12.5的滤纸直接以1g计) 2.将样品100ml用1中的滤纸过滤,放入103-105℃的烘箱中烘干取出在干燥器中冷却至平衡温度称重,反复干燥制恒重或失重小于前次称重的5%或0.5mg(取较小值),重量为m1; SS=(m1- m0)/0.1(干燥8小时后放入干燥器冷却后称重为最终值) 3.将干净的坩埚放入烘箱中干燥一小时,取出放在干燥其中冷却至平衡温度,称重,重量为m2; 4.将2中的滤纸和泥放在3中的坩埚中,然后放入冷的马弗炉中,加热到600℃灼烧60分钟,在干燥器中冷却并称重,m3;(从温度达到600℃开始计时) vss=[( m1+m2- m0)- m3]/0.1 MLSS:单位容积混合液内含活性污泥固体物质的总量(mg/L),MLVSS指混合液挥发性悬浮固体。生活污水一般MLVSS/MLSS=0.7。测MLSS需要定性滤纸(不能用定量的)、电子分析天平、烘箱、干燥器等。取100ml混合液用滤纸过滤,待烘箱中温度升到103-105之间的设定值后,将滤干后的滤纸放入烘箱烘2小时,取出置于干燥器中放置半小操作时。称量后减去滤纸重量,并且测滤纸的重量也要采用上述同样的步骤。该实验必须严格按照上述操作,否则会入偏差。
2007年5月28日星期一
2007年5月23日星期三
Solid-Phase Microextraction
Conventional analytical methods for organic pollutants in water require extraction of the pollutants with hazardous solvents. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free equilibrium extraction method which, with proper calibration, can allow quantitative determinations of organic pollutants at very good sensitivity (usually low-to-mid parts per trillion) without the use of any organic solvents. The method can require as little as 30 minutes for sample preparation and analytical separations, is easily automated, and is ideally suited for use in the field. Although the method was originally developed for the analysis of water samples, the EERC is now combining subcritical water extraction with SPME to allow for a very rapid and organic solvent-free method for determining organic pollutants on soils and sludges.
固相微萃取
SPME方法包括吸附和解吸两步。吸附过程中待测物在样品及石英纤维萃取头外涂渍的固定相液膜中平衡分配,遵循相似相溶原理。这一步主要是物理吸附过程,可快速达到平衡。如果使用液态聚合物涂层,当单组分单相体系达到平衡时,涂层上吸附的待测物的量与样品中待测物浓度线性相关。解吸过程随SPME后续分离手段的不同而不同。对于气相色谱(GC),萃取纤维插入进样口后进行热解吸,而对于液相色谱(LC),则是通过溶剂进行洗脱。
SPME有两种萃取方式,一种是将萃取纤维直接暴露在样品中的直接萃取法,适于分析气体样品和洁净水样中的有机化合物。另一种是将纤维暴露于样品顶空中的顶空萃取法,广泛适用于废水、油脂、高分子量腐殖酸及固体样品中挥发、半挥发性的有机化合物的分析。
SPME有两种萃取方式,一种是将萃取纤维直接暴露在样品中的直接萃取法,适于分析气体样品和洁净水样中的有机化合物。另一种是将纤维暴露于样品顶空中的顶空萃取法,广泛适用于废水、油脂、高分子量腐殖酸及固体样品中挥发、半挥发性的有机化合物的分析。
2007年5月8日星期二
液相色谱仪原理
高效液相色谱法是在经典色谱法的基础上,引用了气相色谱的理论,在技术上,流动相改为高压输送(最高输送压力可达4.9´107Pa);色谱柱是以特殊的方法用小粒径的填料填充而成,从而使柱效大大高于经典液相色谱(每米塔板数可达几万或几十万);同时柱后连有高灵敏度的检测器,可对流出物进行连续检测。 特点 1.高压:液相色谱法以液体为流动相(称为载液),液体流经色谱柱,受到阻力较大,为了迅速地通过色谱柱,必须对载液施加高压。一般可达150~350×105Pa。 2. 高速:流动相在柱内的流速较经典色谱快得多,一般可达1~10ml/min。高效液相色谱法所需的分析时间较之经典液相色谱法少得多,一般少于 1h 。 3. 高效:近来研究出许多新型固定相,使分离效率大大提高。 4.高灵敏度:高效液相色谱已广泛采用高灵敏度的检测器,进一步提高了分析的灵敏度。如荧光检测器灵敏度可达10-11g。另外,用样量小,一般几个微升。 5.适应范围宽:气相色谱法与高效液相色谱法的比较:气相色谱法虽具有分离能力好,灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作方便等优点,但是受技术条件的限制,沸点太高的物质或热稳定性差的物质都难于应用气相色谱法进行分析。而高效液相色谱法,只要求试样能制成溶液,而不需要气化,因此不受试样挥发性的限制。对于高沸点、热稳定性差、相对分子量大(大于 400 以上)的有机物(这些物质几乎占有机物总数的 75% ~ 80% )原则上都可应用高效液相色谱法来进行分离、分析。 据统计,在已知化合物中,能用气相色谱分析的约占20%,而能用液相色谱分析的约占70~80%。 高效液相色谱按其固定相的性质可分为高效凝胶色谱、疏水性高效液相色谱、反相高效液相色谱、高效离子交换液相色谱、高效亲和液相色谱以及高效聚焦液相色谱等类型。用不同类型的高效液相色谱分离或分析各种化合物的原理基本上与相对应的普通液相层析的原理相似。其不同之处是高效液相色谱灵敏、快速、分辨率高、重复性好,且须在色谱仪中进行。 高效液相色谱法的主要类型及其分离原理 根据分离机制的不同,高效液相色谱法可分为下述几种主要类型: 1 .液 — 液分配色谱法(Liquid-liquid Partition Chromatography)及化学键合相色谱(Chemically Bonded Phase Chromatography) 流动相和固定相都是液体。流动相与固定相之间应互不相溶(极性不同,避免固定液流失),有一个明显的分界面。当试样进入色谱柱,溶质在两相间进行分配。达到平衡时,服从于下式: 式中,cs—溶质在固定相中浓度;cm--溶质在流动相中的浓度; Vs—固定相的体积;Vm—流动相的体积。LLPC与GPC有相似之处,即分离的顺序取决于K,K大的组分保留值大;但也有不同之处,GPC中,流动相对K影响不大,LLPC流动相对K影响较大。 a. 正相液 — 液分配色谱法(Normal Phase liquid Chromatography): 流动相的极性小于固定液的极性。 b. 反相液 — 液分配色谱法(Reverse Phase liquid Chromatography): 流动相的极性大于固定液的极性。 c. 液 — 液分配色谱法的缺点:尽管流动相与固定相的极性要求完全不同,但固定液在流动相中仍有微量溶解;流动相通过色谱柱时的机械冲击力,会造成固定液流失。上世纪70年代末发展的化学键合固定相(见后),可克服上述缺点。现在应用很广泛(70~80%)。 2 .液 — 固色谱法 流动相为液体,固定相为吸附剂(如硅胶、氧化铝等)。这是根据物质吸附作用的不同来进行分离的。其作用机制是:当试样进入色谱柱时,溶质分子 (X) 和溶剂分子(S)对吸附剂表面活性中心发生竞争吸附(未进样时,所有的吸附剂活性中心吸附的是S),可表示如下: Xm + nSa ====== Xa + nSm 式中:Xm--流动相中的溶质分子;Sa--固定相中的溶剂分子;Xa--固定相中的溶质分子;Sm--流动相中的溶剂分子。 当吸附竞争反应达平衡时: K=[Xa][Sm]/[Xm][Sa] 式中:K为吸附平衡常数。[讨论:K越大,保留值越大。] 3 .离子交换色谱法(Ion-exchange Chromatography) IEC是以离子交换剂作为固定相。IEC是基于离子交换树脂上可电离的离子与流动相中具有相同电荷的溶质离子进行可逆交换,依据这些离子以交换剂具有不同的亲和力而将它们分离。 以阴离子交换剂为例,其交换过程可表示如下: X-(溶剂中) + (树脂-R4N+Cl-)=== (树脂-R4N+ X-) + Cl- (溶剂中) 当交换达平衡时: KX=[-R4N+ X-][ Cl-]/[-R4N+Cl-][ X-] 分配系数为: DX=[-R4N+ X-]/[X-]= KX [-R4N+Cl-]/[Cl-] [讨论:DX与保留值的关系] 凡是在溶剂中能够电离的物质通常都可以用离子交换色谱法来进行分离。 4 .离子对色谱法(Ion Pair Chromatography) 离子对色谱法是将一种 ( 或多种 ) 与溶质分子电荷相反的离子 ( 称为对离子或反离子 ) 加到流动相或固定相中,使其与溶质离子结合形成疏水型离子对化合物,从而控制溶质离子的保留行为。其原理可用下式表示: X+水相 + Y-水相 === X+Y-有机相 式中:X+水相--流动相中待分离的有机离子(也可是阳离子);Y-水相--流动相中带相反电荷的离子对(如氢氧化四丁基铵、氢氧化十六烷基三甲铵等);X+Y---形成的离子对化合物。 当达平衡时: KXY = [X+Y-]有机相/[ X+]水相[Y-]水相 根据定义,分配系数为: DX= [X+Y-]有机相/[ X+]水相= KXY [Y-]水相 [讨论:DX与保留值的关系] 离子对色谱法(特别是反相)发解决了以往难以分离的混合物的分离问题,诸如酸、碱和离子、非离子混合物,特别是一些生化试样如核酸、核苷、生物碱以及药物等分离。 5 .离子色谱法(Ion Chromatography) 用离子交换树脂为固定相,电解质溶液为流动相。以电导检测器为通用检测器,为消除流动相中强电解质背景离子对电导检测器的干扰,设置了抑制柱。试样组分在分离柱和抑制柱上的反应原理与离子交换色谱法相同。 以阴离子交换树脂(R-OH)作固定相,分离阴离子(如Br-)为例。当待测阴离子Br-随流动相(NaOH)进入色谱柱时,发生如下交换反应(洗脱反应为交换反应的逆过程): 抑制柱上发生的反应: R-H+ + Na+OH- === R-Na+ + H2O R-H+ + Na+Br- === R-Na+ + H+Br- 可见,通过抑制柱将洗脱液转变成了电导值很小的水,消除了本底电导的影响;试样阴离子Br-则被转化成了相应的酸H+Br-,可用电导法灵敏的检测。 离子色谱法是溶液中阴离子分析的最佳方法。也可用于阳离子分析。 6 .空间排阻色谱法(Steric Exclusion Chromatography) 空间排阻色谱法以凝胶 (gel) 为固定相。它类似于分子筛的作用,但凝胶的孔径比分子筛要大得多,一般为数纳米到数百纳米。溶质在两相之间不是靠其相互作用力的不同来进行分离,而是按分子大小进行分离。分离只与凝胶的孔径分布和溶质的流动力学体积或分子大小有关。试样进入色谱柱后,随流动相在凝胶外部间隙以及孔穴旁流过。在试样中一些太大的分子不能进入胶孔而受到排阻,因此就直接通过柱子,首先在色谱图上出现,一些很小的分子可以进入所有胶孔并渗透到颗粒中,这些组分在柱上的保留值最大,在色谱图上最后出现。 高效液相色谱仪主要有进样系统、输液系统、.分离系统、检测系统和数据处理系统,下面将分别叙述其各自的组成与特点。 1.进样系统 一般采用隔膜注射进样器或高压进样间完成进样操作,进样量是恒定的。这对提高分析样品的重复性是有益的。 2.输液系统 该系统包括高压泵、流动相贮存器和梯度仪三部分。高压泵的一般压强为l.47~4.4X107Pa,流速可调且稳定,当高压流动相通过层析柱时,可降低样品在柱中的扩散效应,可加快其在柱中的移动速度,这对提高分辨率、回收样品、保持样品的生物活性等都是有利的。流动相贮存错和梯度仪,可使流动相随固定相和样品的性质而改变,包括改变洗脱液的极性、离子强度、PH值,或改用竞争性抑制剂或变性剂等。这就可使各种物质(即使仅有一个基团的差别或是同分异构体)都能获得有效分离。 3.分离系统 该系统包括色谱柱、连接管和恒温器等。色谱柱一般长度为10~50cm(需要两根连用时,可在二者之间加一连接管),内径为2~5mm,由"优质不锈钢或厚壁玻璃管或钛合金等材料制成,住内装有直径为5~10μm粒度的固定相(由基质和固定液构成).固定相中的基质是由机械强度高的树脂或硅胶构成,它们都有惰性(如硅胶表面的硅酸基因基本已除去)、多孔性(孔径可达1000?)和比表面积大的特点,加之其表面经过机械涂渍(与气相色谱中固定相的制备一样),或者用化学法偶联各种基因(如磷酸基、季胺基、羟甲基、苯基、氨基或各种长度碳链的烷基等)或配体的有机化合物。因此,这类固定相对结构不同的物质有良好的选择性。例如,在多孔性硅胶表面偶联豌豆凝集素(PSA)后,就可以把成纤维细胞中的一种糖蛋白分离出来。 另外,固定相基质粒小,柱床极易达到均匀、致密状态,极易降低涡流扩散效应。基质粒度小,微孔浅,样品在微孔区内传质短。这些对缩小谱带宽度、提高分辨率是有益的。根据柱效理论分析,基质粒度小,塔板理论数N就越大。这也进一步证明基质粒度小,会提高分辨率的道理。 再者,高效液相色谱的恒温器可使温度从室温调到60C,通过改善传质速度,缩短分析时间,就可增加层析柱的效率。 4.检测系统 高效液相色谱常用的检测器有紫外检测器、示差折光检测器和荧光检测器三种。 (1)紫外检测器 该检测器适用于对紫外光(或可见光)有吸收性能样品的检测。其特点:使用面广(如蛋白质、核酸、氨基酸、核苷酸、多肽、激素等均可使用);灵敏度高(检测下限为10-10g/ml);线性范围宽;对温度和流速变化不敏感;可检测梯度溶液洗脱的样品。 (2)示差折光检测器 凡具有与流动相折光率不同的样品组分,均可使用示差折光检测器检测。目前,糖类化合物的检测大多使用此检测系统。这一系统通用性强、操作简单,但灵敏度低(检测下限为10-7g/ml),流动相的变化会引起折光率的变化,因此,它既不适用于痕量分析,也不适用于梯度洗脱样品的检测。 (3)荧光检测器 凡具有荧光的物质,在一定条件下,其发射光的荧光强度与物质的浓度成正比。因此,这一检测器只适用于具有荧光的有机化合物(如多环芳烃、氨基酸、胺类、维生素和某些蛋白质等)的测定,其灵敏度很高(检测下限为10-12~10-14g/ml),痕量分析和梯度洗脱作品的检测均可采用。 (5)数据处理系统 该系统可对测试数据进行采集、贮存、显示、打印和处理等操作,使样品的分离、制备或鉴定工作能正确开展。
2007年5月2日星期三
反硝化作用(denitrification)
也称脱氮作用。反硝化细菌在缺氧条件下,还原硝酸盐,释放出分子态氮(N2)或一氧化二氮(N2O)的过程。微生物和植物吸收利用硝酸盐有两种完全不同的用途,一是利用其中的氮作为氮源,称为同化性硝酸还原作用:NO3-→NH4+→有机态氮。许多细菌、放线菌和霉菌能利用硝酸盐做为氮素营养。另一用途是利用NO2-和NO3-为呼吸作用的最终电子受体,把硝酸还原成氮(N2),称为反硝化作用或脱氮作用:NO3-→NO2-→N2↑。能进行反硝化作用的只有少数细菌,这个生理群称为反硝化菌。大部分反硝化细菌是异养菌,例如脱氮小球菌、反硝化假单胞菌等,它们以有机物为氮源和能源,进行无氧呼吸,其生化过程可用下式表示:
C6H12O6+12NO3-→6H2O+6CO2+12NO2-+能量
CH3COOH+8NO3-→6H2O+10CO2+4N2+8OH-+能量
少数反硝化细菌为自养菌,如脱氮硫杆菌,它们氧化硫或硝酸盐获得能量,同化二氧化碳,以硝酸盐为呼吸作用的最终电子受体。可进行以下反应:
5S+6KNO3+2H2O→3N2+K2SO4+4KHSO4
反硝化作用使硝酸盐还原成氮气,从而降低了土壤中氮素营养的含量,对农业生产不利。农业上常进行中耕松土,以防止反硝化作用。反硝化作用是氮素循环中不可缺少的环节,可使土壤中因淋溶而流入河流、海洋中的NO3-减少,消除因硝酸积累对生物的毒害作用。
C6H12O6+12NO3-→6H2O+6CO2+12NO2-+能量
CH3COOH+8NO3-→6H2O+10CO2+4N2+8OH-+能量
少数反硝化细菌为自养菌,如脱氮硫杆菌,它们氧化硫或硝酸盐获得能量,同化二氧化碳,以硝酸盐为呼吸作用的最终电子受体。可进行以下反应:
5S+6KNO3+2H2O→3N2+K2SO4+4KHSO4
反硝化作用使硝酸盐还原成氮气,从而降低了土壤中氮素营养的含量,对农业生产不利。农业上常进行中耕松土,以防止反硝化作用。反硝化作用是氮素循环中不可缺少的环节,可使土壤中因淋溶而流入河流、海洋中的NO3-减少,消除因硝酸积累对生物的毒害作用。
2007年4月27日星期五
Corruption is linked to pollution in China
China has blamed fraud in project approvals and failure to apply emission control measures for rising pollution, state media reported Monday, as the authorities grapple with the environmental impact of headlong economic growth. The director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, Zhou Shengxian, said pollution increased in 17 provinces in the six months to June despite a government pledge to cut emissions by 2 percent this year, the official Xinhua news agency reported. China's senior environmental official also said a government investigation into pollution control approvals for construction projects worth more than $12.5 million had found violations in almost 40 percent of cases, according to the report. "It is clear the conflict between economic growth and environmental protection is coming to a head," Zhou was quoted as saying. "Fraud in project approval was prominent with many projects passing their environmental assessment without fulfilling the necessary criteria." The Chinese economy expanded 11.3 percent in the second quarter, its fastest pace in a decade according to official statistics, as factories continued to churn out goods for export and investment surged in fixed assets such as power plants, steel mills, roads, shopping malls and apartment buildings. Along with fears that the economy may be in danger of overheating, the authorities are clearly worried that widespread pollution poses a threat to long-term prosperity. Social stability could also be at risk as anger grows over the threat to public health from widespread industrial contamination and accidental discharges of chemicals and fuel. The authorities are also under pressure to clean up Beijing's notoriously polluted air before the city plays host at the 2008 Olympic Games. Zhou said local governments were responsible for controlling emissions and warned that officials failing to protect the environment would "pay the price," the Xinhua report said. Environmental experts agree that fraud and failure to enforce the law is a major contributor to rising pollution levels. "This is definitely a huge problem," said Wen Bo, China representative for the California-based environmental group, Pacific Environment. "Some of the less economically advanced regions in China have been actively working to attract investment from overseas and other parts of China. But, they don't have huge advantages except cheap labor and loose environmental standards." Sulfur dioxide emissions, mostly from burning coal, increased 5.8 percent in the first six months compared with the same period in 2005, the Xinhua report said. China, which burns more than two billion metric tons of coal a year to produce about 80 per cent of its electricity, leads the world in emissions of sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain. Discharges of sulfur dioxide from power plants and industry increased by 27 percent in the five years to 2005 to reach 25.5 million metric tons according to official figures. Zhou said that in some counties, only 30 percent of projects had been checked for compliance with pollution controls before they were granted construction licenses, Xinhua reported. And, almost half of the companies, including those that passed environmental appraisals, failed to carry out required emission control measures. The Chinese authorities have recently announced a flurry of measures aimed at curbing pollution as evidence mounts that growth has come at the cost of widespread environmental degradation. While more than three decades of expansion has delivered prosperity to hundreds of millions of Chinese, the country now has some of the world's most polluted air, water and soil. China has 16 of the world's 20 cities with the most polluted air, according to the Worldwatch Institute, based in Washington. Pollution is also compounding the country's acute water shortage. According to reports in the official media, 90 percent of waterways that flow through China's cities and 75 percent of lakes are contaminated. Waste and emissions from industry and agricultural waste also threaten large tracts of farmland. On July 18, official media reported that the government planned to spend $175 billion on environmental protection over the next five years. The State Environmental Protection Administration announced last week that it would set tougher standards for industries that pollute, with regulations drawn up or updated to include up to 1,400 environmental protection criteria. The environmental watchdog also announced Friday that it would start the country's biggest environmental research project aimed at fighting water pollution. The government has set up two committees of experts, some from outside the bureaucracy, to advise policy makers on environmental protection. Some analysts speculate that China's environmental agencies, which are normally far less influential than the powerful economic and industrial ministries, have become more assertive as fears mount over the danger from economic overheating. "Maybe the environmental agencies see this as a particularly good moment to raise these issues," said Lu Yiyi, an associate fellow with Chatham House, a London-based international affairs institute, in an interview in Beijing. "I sense that the environmental agencies feel they don't have enough power and authority." Environmental experts believe that in most areas, China has ample laws and regulations to protect the environment compared with the best international standards. However, these laws are often poorly and erratically enforced. Even when the law is enforced to stop polluting industries and factories, environmental activists complain there are sometimes unintended benefits for those in breach. They note that in more developed coastal regions of China, factories are sometimes forced to shut down because they fail to meet emission standards. "They sell their old location to a real estate developer and relocate to a rural area where there is no adequate enforcement of environmental controls," said Wen of Pacific Environment. "There they can easily discharge their pollutants without proper treatment."
2007年4月26日星期四
soxhlet extraction apparatus
The complete soxhlet extraction apparatus consists of solvent reservoir extraction assembly with 6 extraction places with concentric metal rings of various diameter to suit 100 ml flasks to 250 ml flasks and built in steam generator. Complete with stand, clamp holder soxhlet extraction (Condenser) glass and extraction flask of 60 ml volume.
Temperature Range :Temperature Range : 50°C to 350°C
Temperature Range :Temperature Range : 50°C to 350°C
Temperature Control:Temperature is controlled through electronic solid state temperature controller cum indicator or micro processor based digital temperature controller cum indicator or hydraulic thermostat with energy regulators.
Temperature Sensitivity:The temperature is controlled with an efficiency of ± 2% (Set Value) Power Requirements: Power 2 KW, Single Phase, 230 Volts.
Temperature Sensitivity:The temperature is controlled with an efficiency of ± 2% (Set Value) Power Requirements: Power 2 KW, Single Phase, 230 Volts.
固相萃取技术(SPE)
2007年4月25日星期三
'Yangtze water environment deteriorating'
THE country's longest and most important river, the Yangtze River, is under serious pressure from human activity with long stretches in "critical condition."
The first annual report on the health of the Yangtze River has found that massive amounts of pollution dumped into the river were taking a serious toll on its aquatic life, the Beijing News reported.
The 2007 annual report on Yangtze River protection and development shows that more than 600 kilometers of the river is in critical condition, beset by pollution, excessive damming and too much surface traffic on the country's most important inland waterway.
Nearly 30 percent of major tributaries, including the Minjiang, Tuojiang, Xiangjiang and Huangpu rivers, are seriously polluted and a comprehensive management system needed to be put in place to prevent the situation worsening, it said.
"The impact of human activities on the Yangtze water ecology is largely irreversible," said Yang Guishan, a researcher with the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology and one of the chief editors of the report, in comments quoted by Xinhua.
"It's a pressing job to regulate such activities in all the Yangtze drainage areas and promote harmonious development of man and nature."
The report said the river's annual harvest of aquatic products had plummeted from 427,000 tons in the 1950s to about 100,000 tons in the 1990s, Xinhua said.
A separate study had found that cities along the river discharged at least 14.2 billion tons of polluted water every year, 42 percent of China's total, it said.
Rare species such as the white-flag dolphin were thought to be on the verge of extinction, but even more common species such as carp were gasping for survival, the report said.
The report, compiled by the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission and the Worldwide Fund for Nature, also warned of higher flood risks despite the presence of the massive Three Gorges Dam, as more extreme weather linked to global warming hits China.
The Yangtze accounts for about 35 percent of China's total fresh water resources.
The report also said the Three Gorges Dam project has created a huge reservoir seriously polluted by pesticides, fertilizers and sewage from passenger boats.
The first annual report on the health of the Yangtze River has found that massive amounts of pollution dumped into the river were taking a serious toll on its aquatic life, the Beijing News reported.
The 2007 annual report on Yangtze River protection and development shows that more than 600 kilometers of the river is in critical condition, beset by pollution, excessive damming and too much surface traffic on the country's most important inland waterway.
Nearly 30 percent of major tributaries, including the Minjiang, Tuojiang, Xiangjiang and Huangpu rivers, are seriously polluted and a comprehensive management system needed to be put in place to prevent the situation worsening, it said.
"The impact of human activities on the Yangtze water ecology is largely irreversible," said Yang Guishan, a researcher with the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology and one of the chief editors of the report, in comments quoted by Xinhua.
"It's a pressing job to regulate such activities in all the Yangtze drainage areas and promote harmonious development of man and nature."
The report said the river's annual harvest of aquatic products had plummeted from 427,000 tons in the 1950s to about 100,000 tons in the 1990s, Xinhua said.
A separate study had found that cities along the river discharged at least 14.2 billion tons of polluted water every year, 42 percent of China's total, it said.
Rare species such as the white-flag dolphin were thought to be on the verge of extinction, but even more common species such as carp were gasping for survival, the report said.
The report, compiled by the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission and the Worldwide Fund for Nature, also warned of higher flood risks despite the presence of the massive Three Gorges Dam, as more extreme weather linked to global warming hits China.
The Yangtze accounts for about 35 percent of China's total fresh water resources.
The report also said the Three Gorges Dam project has created a huge reservoir seriously polluted by pesticides, fertilizers and sewage from passenger boats.
2007年4月24日星期二
DG 系列多通道型泵头
自1997年起,保定兰格恒流泵有限公司就致力于微量精密泵和磁力搅拌器的研发及生产。几年来,兰格公司以高质量的产品和优质高效的服务,赢得了用户的认可。目前,兰格产品已在生化、制药、精细化工、环保等领域得到广泛应用,并且已经达到了国内领先水平。兰格公司位于保定市国家高新技术产业开发区创业中心,具有良好的工作环境和标准的生产车间,拥有高素质的研发队伍和可靠的技术手段。自美国美瑞华国际企业公司加盟之后,企业以更先进的技术、雄厚的资金和新的管理理念,为国内外用户提供更优质的技术服务和产品支持。
>>>>保定兰格恒流泵有限公司<<<<Longer Precision Pump Co.Ltd 公司地址:保定市国家高新技术开发区创业中心A座电话:0312-3138553 3132333 3138011北京办:13001916858上海办:021-65755199 13816843063信箱:longer@lgpump.cn
2007年4月22日星期日
VERDER工业软管泵
VERDER工业集团是欧洲著名的工业泵技术及产品的服务商和供应商,所处理的流体包括化工流体、水、溶剂、以及固液混合物。自1959年成立开始致力于发展流体技术事业,在全球20多个国家拥有分公司和办事处, 年销售总额超过15亿美元。40多年来,以优良的质量,完善的售后服务,深深获得欧美地区用户的广泛认同,成为化工流体技术的代名词。主要产品有VA系列气动双隔膜泵、VF系列工业软管泵和VM系列磁力驱动泵。特别适合化工、石油、涂料、日化、陶瓷、采矿、水处理、食品、饮料、医药、造纸、电子、纺织、建筑、汽车等等各工业行业。
工作原理
软管蠕动泵的工作原理基于弹性软管的交替伸缩来输送物质,它的运行就像我们的喉管和食道那样简单。内壁光滑、强度可靠的软管安装在泵体内部,通过转盘上的两个突块转动挤压。这样的旋转式的介质往一个方向输送而不至于有倒流,也可使泵应用于精确计量的场合,压力可达到15Bar / 220psi 。软管在输送介质之后形状复原可在管内产生全真空从而在将介质吸入到管内,因此使用VERDERFLEX软管泵可输送黏度极大的介质而不会发生问题。在泵体的下部灌入特殊设计的VERDERLUBE润滑油来润滑软管、降低温度从而使软管使用寿命更长。由于介质只接触软管尔布接触其他任何部件,因此软管泵非常适合输送磨损的和高黏度的介质。
软管蠕动泵的工作原理基于弹性软管的交替伸缩来输送物质,它的运行就像我们的喉管和食道那样简单。内壁光滑、强度可靠的软管安装在泵体内部,通过转盘上的两个突块转动挤压。这样的旋转式的介质往一个方向输送而不至于有倒流,也可使泵应用于精确计量的场合,压力可达到15Bar / 220psi 。软管在输送介质之后形状复原可在管内产生全真空从而在将介质吸入到管内,因此使用VERDERFLEX软管泵可输送黏度极大的介质而不会发生问题。在泵体的下部灌入特殊设计的VERDERLUBE润滑油来润滑软管、降低温度从而使软管使用寿命更长。由于介质只接触软管尔布接触其他任何部件,因此软管泵非常适合输送磨损的和高黏度的介质。
2007年4月21日星期六
什么是蠕动泵?
中法水务:继续看好中国水市场
中法水务:继续看好中国水市场
原文:中国水网 新闻发布日期:2007-3-21
2007年将是中法水务更有作为的一年。我们将全力以赴、充满自信地迎接市场上出现的每一个供、排水项目。但是,理性地、负责任地投资是我们一贯的原则。我们不但要对我们的股东负责, 也要对政府、对客户、对企业,特别是对中国整个水务巿场的健康发展负责。
中法水务执行副总裁——孙明华
在中国水网组织的2006年度水业评选中,中法控股(香港)有限公司(简称中法水务,为法国苏伊士集团与香港新世界集团共同成立的企业,下同)容登2006年度水业十大影响力企业榜首。3月6日,中法水务执行副总裁孙明华女士在接受采访时表示,2006年度水业评选是对中法水务所有员工以往艰辛付出的一种肯定,也成为未来继续努力工作的动力。据孙总介绍,2006年是中法水务卓有成效的一年。绝大部分的合作公司运行良好,基本完成或超额完成董事会下达的各项指标,几家合作公司的扩建工程如期在预算内完工,为公司今后的进一步发展奠定了良好的基础。同时中法水务又在常熟及重庆分别拿到了一个供水专营及城市污水处理项目,使合作公司的数量由18家增至20家。
采访时,孙总多次表示,这几年中国水网凭借自己的优势,通过丰富的网站内容及主导的各种活动在业界起到了信息交流平台的作用。苏伊士集团及中法水务都很重视这次评选,其评选标准全面而客观,,体现了企业的综合表现能力。此项活动已连续举办四届,效果越来越好,在业界也越来越有影响力。所以,中法水务及其两大股东,甚至中法各地的合作伙伴都对这次受到肯定感到非常高兴,公司员工也感到非常振奋。
回顾中国水务的发展历程,中法水务不无感慨。中法水务进入中国市场20年,这20年正是中国水业市场对外开放,体制改革,引进市场机制的20年。中法水务在中国的成长发展并非一帆风顺,曾经历了一个艰辛的过程,其历程一定程度地表征了中国水务的市场进程。孙总表示,中法水务如今取得一些成绩,得到同行业的认同,这是对全体员工,特别是那些奋斗在最前线的市场开发及企业管理人员所付出的努力与艰辛的最高奖赏和动力,作为其中的一员她颇感自豪。同时,她代表中法水务及其本人真切地希望通过中国水网来表达对业内同仁、特别是中法的各个合作伙伴以及全体员工的感激之情。“由于他们的支持,才有中法水务今天的成就;也要靠他们的支持,才能创造中法水务明天的辉煌。”
2007年,中法水务目标明确。
谈及中法水务新一年里在中国市场上的计划,孙总认为,2007年的中国水务市场虽然仍然存在一些不确定因素,但是,根据行业发展的状况来推断,水业市场化已经步入正常轨道,政府对环境保护也日益重视,2007年将会有更多的项目涌现出来;地方政府及传统企业由于受到资金、体制等其它各个方面的限制,对于引进有实力的战略投资人也有较高的预期,所以应该说2007年依然是充满机遇的一年。中法水务的两大股东——苏伊士和新世界,都看到了中国经济和整个环保行业的潜力。对于这样一个生机勃勃的市场,投身其中的决心和信心是不用置疑的,在人、财、技术等方面的大力支持使中法水务目前处于“天时地利人和”的最佳发展时机。
基于对市场机会的看好,孙总表示,2007年将是中法水务更加大有作为的一年,供水、污水两个领域仍将是公司业务的发展重点,对原有项目合作范围及合作领域的拓展也是公司一个重要的发展方向。
在供水方面,市场上的任何一个项目任何一个机会,中法水务都会全力争取。但是最终是否去投标,投入多少要根据公司发展的需求和项目本身的具体情况来决定。孙总说:“虽然中国地区现已成为苏伊士集团国际业务的首选地,但这并不等于我们可以盲目投资,我们也不会为了拿项目而不惜一切代价,更不会为了短期的利益,而不考虑整个公司的长远发展。”理性的投资不仅是对公司负责,也是对行业负责。
污水领域也是未来一年中法水务的关注点。她说,中国的污水处理市场商机无限,很多企业包括一些私营投资者也看到了这一点,但是污水行业技术要求比供水高、投资更大,如果没有意识到这个行业对投资者的特殊要求,就可能会低估了这个行业存在的风险。在污水处理领域,从价格到市场都还存在着不确定性,政府的法律、规章还不是那么健全和完善,不是任何企业都能涉入的领域。而对于苏伊士集团这样的专业公司来说,除了拥有自己的专业技术,如得利满公司,以及大量的专业人员,而且还有雄厚的资金支持,所以污水市场日益增多的项目给集团带来很重要的机遇。孙总说:我们就是要抓住中国目前环境保护方面的发展机会, 穏步发展, 且要从长计议。
除了对供水、污水领域新项目的追求外,2007年中法水务市场发展的另一个方向就是扩大现有合作公司的合作范围。
孙总说,中法水务进入中国市场初期的一些项目,由于当时受到国家对外商投资范围的限定,只是采取了负责水厂的单元运作方式。现在随着改革的深入,国家法规的变化,早期单元服务项目的不足逐渐显露出来。中法希望今后在适当的时候,经过双方协商,逐步把只有水厂合作的项目改成全面合作的系统服务项目。这样一体化的运作更有利于水务公司充分施展特长,发挥其在资金、技术方面的优势。从长远来说,全面的系统运营服务对当地政府、客户、对企业自身都有好处。孙总透露,目前已经有几个城市的政府和合作伙伴向他们表达了希望进一步扩大合作范围的意愿。另外,扩大合作范围也包括在现有合作的基础上拓展其它领域的合作机会。例如,在一个已经有供水项目的城市里, 基于良好的合作基础上,中法水务愿将合作逐步延伸到污水处理、垃圾处理、工业废水和工业垃圾等领域。
“我们做市场开发,要针对性地选择项目,重点选择那些不仅是看中我们带来的资金,而是更看中我们为他们带来的技术和管理理念的城市和伙伴。孙总说:公用事业不同于普通的行业,有其特殊性,“多赢”的项目才是好项目,即投资者、政府、客户及企业都赢。投资都是要有回报的,但是,中法水务不追求暴利,而是追求“合理的投资+合理的回报”。孙总举例说,在重庆,我们通过加强管理、严格控制成本,最大限度减小对水价调整的依赖,尽最大努力减少给当地政府的压力,但我们的服务水平、管理水平、供水水质及员工收入这几年却都有明显的改善。当然,这与重庆的特殊发展导致水量超出我们所预测的增长幅度有密切关系的。
中法水务业绩的取得,以及下一步战略规划的实施,离不开其在中国市场上的优秀团队的努力,这其中本土员工的成就值得称道。任何一家有海外业务的公司都有本土化的问题,将近20年的实践表明,苏伊士的本土化是成功的。
孙总认为,一个国际性大公司在全球业务的发展仅仅依靠总部的资源是发展不起来,必须使用当地的人员、资源才能成为成功的国际集团。苏伊士在这方面深有体会,对于这家法国公司来说,中国是非常独特的,有着几千年的历史,有与欧洲迥异的文化,如果苏伊士本土化做得不好,也不会有在中国20年的坚持和发展了。
苏伊士的本土化举措包括与香港新世界集团长期的合作。苏伊士在中国市场上并不是单打独斗的,它相信在当地找一个好的合作伙伴,对其发展更有利,实践证明这一做法是非常成功的。孙总称,苏伊士和新世界20年的合作,从未产生重大分歧。巴黎总部一直十分尊重本地管理层和合作方的意见,任何一个项目,都是苏伊士和新世界双方意见一致同意后,才向前推进的。习惯上来讲,技术方面由苏伊士负责,法律、融资方面新世界参与的多一些。在人员配置方面,中法水务100多人的队伍中,外籍人士不到10人。同时,苏伊士很重视对当地员工的培训,她与同济大学、华东理工大学都有人才合作培养项目,目的就是为了培养更多地本地管理人员。
苏伊士的本土化还包括在资金的使用方面。孙总说,中国融资市场的体制越来越规范,不但可以避免汇率风险,还可降低融资成本,对合作双方都有好处。2006年由中法水务与重庆水务集团共同出资,注册资本为5000万美元的中法重庆水务投资有限公司就是希望借助国内的融资条件给公司带来更多的项目。
成功融入中国市场的苏伊士,在中国市场的投资将会更多。
庞大的苏伊士集团,占比重最大的是能源业务,占集团业务总额的70%,而水及环境业务占30%。但是,集团在能源业务方面还没有正式进入中国市场,主要的投入还在于供排水、垃圾等方面。孙总说,苏伊士相信并看好中国市场,今后不仅在现有业务领域投入更多,在其它方面希望也有拓展的机会。世界上还没有一个国家和地区有像中国这样的发展速度和潜力。20年的历程,苏伊士集团不但逐步加深了对中国的了解,也加深了对中国的感情。
在采访过程中,让人感触最深的是,孙总对“负责”态度的强调,她说:“作为公用事业领域的投资者,要对股东负责,要对政府负责,也要对用户和合作企业负责。而且,所有活跃在中国水务市场上的其它国际和国内的投资者,对于中国市场的健康发展都有责任。为了眼前利益而作出的非理性投资会对水务市场造成不良的影响,会破坏市场秩序,可能最终伤害到老百姓的利益。因为投资者毕竟不是慈善家,水价最终还是要由用户来承担的。行业里的领先企业应该对水务市场的长远、健康发展担负起责任。” 同时,她还建议,政府相关部门应尽快完善相关的法律法规,并确实起到行业监督管理的作用,为水务行业的正常发展保驾护航。
原文:中国水网 新闻发布日期:2007-3-21
2007年将是中法水务更有作为的一年。我们将全力以赴、充满自信地迎接市场上出现的每一个供、排水项目。但是,理性地、负责任地投资是我们一贯的原则。我们不但要对我们的股东负责, 也要对政府、对客户、对企业,特别是对中国整个水务巿场的健康发展负责。
中法水务执行副总裁——孙明华
在中国水网组织的2006年度水业评选中,中法控股(香港)有限公司(简称中法水务,为法国苏伊士集团与香港新世界集团共同成立的企业,下同)容登2006年度水业十大影响力企业榜首。3月6日,中法水务执行副总裁孙明华女士在接受采访时表示,2006年度水业评选是对中法水务所有员工以往艰辛付出的一种肯定,也成为未来继续努力工作的动力。据孙总介绍,2006年是中法水务卓有成效的一年。绝大部分的合作公司运行良好,基本完成或超额完成董事会下达的各项指标,几家合作公司的扩建工程如期在预算内完工,为公司今后的进一步发展奠定了良好的基础。同时中法水务又在常熟及重庆分别拿到了一个供水专营及城市污水处理项目,使合作公司的数量由18家增至20家。
采访时,孙总多次表示,这几年中国水网凭借自己的优势,通过丰富的网站内容及主导的各种活动在业界起到了信息交流平台的作用。苏伊士集团及中法水务都很重视这次评选,其评选标准全面而客观,,体现了企业的综合表现能力。此项活动已连续举办四届,效果越来越好,在业界也越来越有影响力。所以,中法水务及其两大股东,甚至中法各地的合作伙伴都对这次受到肯定感到非常高兴,公司员工也感到非常振奋。
回顾中国水务的发展历程,中法水务不无感慨。中法水务进入中国市场20年,这20年正是中国水业市场对外开放,体制改革,引进市场机制的20年。中法水务在中国的成长发展并非一帆风顺,曾经历了一个艰辛的过程,其历程一定程度地表征了中国水务的市场进程。孙总表示,中法水务如今取得一些成绩,得到同行业的认同,这是对全体员工,特别是那些奋斗在最前线的市场开发及企业管理人员所付出的努力与艰辛的最高奖赏和动力,作为其中的一员她颇感自豪。同时,她代表中法水务及其本人真切地希望通过中国水网来表达对业内同仁、特别是中法的各个合作伙伴以及全体员工的感激之情。“由于他们的支持,才有中法水务今天的成就;也要靠他们的支持,才能创造中法水务明天的辉煌。”
2007年,中法水务目标明确。
谈及中法水务新一年里在中国市场上的计划,孙总认为,2007年的中国水务市场虽然仍然存在一些不确定因素,但是,根据行业发展的状况来推断,水业市场化已经步入正常轨道,政府对环境保护也日益重视,2007年将会有更多的项目涌现出来;地方政府及传统企业由于受到资金、体制等其它各个方面的限制,对于引进有实力的战略投资人也有较高的预期,所以应该说2007年依然是充满机遇的一年。中法水务的两大股东——苏伊士和新世界,都看到了中国经济和整个环保行业的潜力。对于这样一个生机勃勃的市场,投身其中的决心和信心是不用置疑的,在人、财、技术等方面的大力支持使中法水务目前处于“天时地利人和”的最佳发展时机。
基于对市场机会的看好,孙总表示,2007年将是中法水务更加大有作为的一年,供水、污水两个领域仍将是公司业务的发展重点,对原有项目合作范围及合作领域的拓展也是公司一个重要的发展方向。
在供水方面,市场上的任何一个项目任何一个机会,中法水务都会全力争取。但是最终是否去投标,投入多少要根据公司发展的需求和项目本身的具体情况来决定。孙总说:“虽然中国地区现已成为苏伊士集团国际业务的首选地,但这并不等于我们可以盲目投资,我们也不会为了拿项目而不惜一切代价,更不会为了短期的利益,而不考虑整个公司的长远发展。”理性的投资不仅是对公司负责,也是对行业负责。
污水领域也是未来一年中法水务的关注点。她说,中国的污水处理市场商机无限,很多企业包括一些私营投资者也看到了这一点,但是污水行业技术要求比供水高、投资更大,如果没有意识到这个行业对投资者的特殊要求,就可能会低估了这个行业存在的风险。在污水处理领域,从价格到市场都还存在着不确定性,政府的法律、规章还不是那么健全和完善,不是任何企业都能涉入的领域。而对于苏伊士集团这样的专业公司来说,除了拥有自己的专业技术,如得利满公司,以及大量的专业人员,而且还有雄厚的资金支持,所以污水市场日益增多的项目给集团带来很重要的机遇。孙总说:我们就是要抓住中国目前环境保护方面的发展机会, 穏步发展, 且要从长计议。
除了对供水、污水领域新项目的追求外,2007年中法水务市场发展的另一个方向就是扩大现有合作公司的合作范围。
孙总说,中法水务进入中国市场初期的一些项目,由于当时受到国家对外商投资范围的限定,只是采取了负责水厂的单元运作方式。现在随着改革的深入,国家法规的变化,早期单元服务项目的不足逐渐显露出来。中法希望今后在适当的时候,经过双方协商,逐步把只有水厂合作的项目改成全面合作的系统服务项目。这样一体化的运作更有利于水务公司充分施展特长,发挥其在资金、技术方面的优势。从长远来说,全面的系统运营服务对当地政府、客户、对企业自身都有好处。孙总透露,目前已经有几个城市的政府和合作伙伴向他们表达了希望进一步扩大合作范围的意愿。另外,扩大合作范围也包括在现有合作的基础上拓展其它领域的合作机会。例如,在一个已经有供水项目的城市里, 基于良好的合作基础上,中法水务愿将合作逐步延伸到污水处理、垃圾处理、工业废水和工业垃圾等领域。
“我们做市场开发,要针对性地选择项目,重点选择那些不仅是看中我们带来的资金,而是更看中我们为他们带来的技术和管理理念的城市和伙伴。孙总说:公用事业不同于普通的行业,有其特殊性,“多赢”的项目才是好项目,即投资者、政府、客户及企业都赢。投资都是要有回报的,但是,中法水务不追求暴利,而是追求“合理的投资+合理的回报”。孙总举例说,在重庆,我们通过加强管理、严格控制成本,最大限度减小对水价调整的依赖,尽最大努力减少给当地政府的压力,但我们的服务水平、管理水平、供水水质及员工收入这几年却都有明显的改善。当然,这与重庆的特殊发展导致水量超出我们所预测的增长幅度有密切关系的。
中法水务业绩的取得,以及下一步战略规划的实施,离不开其在中国市场上的优秀团队的努力,这其中本土员工的成就值得称道。任何一家有海外业务的公司都有本土化的问题,将近20年的实践表明,苏伊士的本土化是成功的。
孙总认为,一个国际性大公司在全球业务的发展仅仅依靠总部的资源是发展不起来,必须使用当地的人员、资源才能成为成功的国际集团。苏伊士在这方面深有体会,对于这家法国公司来说,中国是非常独特的,有着几千年的历史,有与欧洲迥异的文化,如果苏伊士本土化做得不好,也不会有在中国20年的坚持和发展了。
苏伊士的本土化举措包括与香港新世界集团长期的合作。苏伊士在中国市场上并不是单打独斗的,它相信在当地找一个好的合作伙伴,对其发展更有利,实践证明这一做法是非常成功的。孙总称,苏伊士和新世界20年的合作,从未产生重大分歧。巴黎总部一直十分尊重本地管理层和合作方的意见,任何一个项目,都是苏伊士和新世界双方意见一致同意后,才向前推进的。习惯上来讲,技术方面由苏伊士负责,法律、融资方面新世界参与的多一些。在人员配置方面,中法水务100多人的队伍中,外籍人士不到10人。同时,苏伊士很重视对当地员工的培训,她与同济大学、华东理工大学都有人才合作培养项目,目的就是为了培养更多地本地管理人员。
苏伊士的本土化还包括在资金的使用方面。孙总说,中国融资市场的体制越来越规范,不但可以避免汇率风险,还可降低融资成本,对合作双方都有好处。2006年由中法水务与重庆水务集团共同出资,注册资本为5000万美元的中法重庆水务投资有限公司就是希望借助国内的融资条件给公司带来更多的项目。
成功融入中国市场的苏伊士,在中国市场的投资将会更多。
庞大的苏伊士集团,占比重最大的是能源业务,占集团业务总额的70%,而水及环境业务占30%。但是,集团在能源业务方面还没有正式进入中国市场,主要的投入还在于供排水、垃圾等方面。孙总说,苏伊士相信并看好中国市场,今后不仅在现有业务领域投入更多,在其它方面希望也有拓展的机会。世界上还没有一个国家和地区有像中国这样的发展速度和潜力。20年的历程,苏伊士集团不但逐步加深了对中国的了解,也加深了对中国的感情。
在采访过程中,让人感触最深的是,孙总对“负责”态度的强调,她说:“作为公用事业领域的投资者,要对股东负责,要对政府负责,也要对用户和合作企业负责。而且,所有活跃在中国水务市场上的其它国际和国内的投资者,对于中国市场的健康发展都有责任。为了眼前利益而作出的非理性投资会对水务市场造成不良的影响,会破坏市场秩序,可能最终伤害到老百姓的利益。因为投资者毕竟不是慈善家,水价最终还是要由用户来承担的。行业里的领先企业应该对水务市场的长远、健康发展担负起责任。” 同时,她还建议,政府相关部门应尽快完善相关的法律法规,并确实起到行业监督管理的作用,为水务行业的正常发展保驾护航。
2007 Strategic Forum on Urban Water Sector was Held in Beijing
On 6-7 April 2007, the 2007 Strategic Forum on Urban Water Sector was successfully held in Beijing. The Forum, sponsored by SFWD, was organized by Environmental Science & Engineering Department of Tsinghua University and Chinawater.net. More than 20 managerial staff and VIPs from SFWD headquarters, Changshu JV, Xinchang JV and Chongqing Tangjiatuo JV attended the conference.
On the President’s Strategic Forum on 7 April, Ms. Laura SUN, Executive Vice President of SFWD, conducted a presentation to “Review and Forecast SUEZ and SFWD’s Business Strategic Development”. Over her speech, she systematically reviewed the historical development of SFWD in China’s water market since 1992, and forecasted the business development from the scopes of water supply, sewage and industrial water treatment. She finally made a conclusion on the company’s local development strategy.
Aside from that, Sino-French Holdings (“SFH”) was ranked number one among the “Top Ten Influential Enterprises in the Water Industry”. Over the awarding ceremony, Mr. Steve Clark, Executive Director of SFWD, received the trophy on behalf of the company. Commenting on the ranking, he expressed: “With the significant achievements in 2006, SFWD was granted this honor. In pursuit of a better performance in 2007, we will, based on these achievements, further expand our market, enhance the management and service qualities in our Joint Ventures”.
On the President’s Strategic Forum on 7 April, Ms. Laura SUN, Executive Vice President of SFWD, conducted a presentation to “Review and Forecast SUEZ and SFWD’s Business Strategic Development”. Over her speech, she systematically reviewed the historical development of SFWD in China’s water market since 1992, and forecasted the business development from the scopes of water supply, sewage and industrial water treatment. She finally made a conclusion on the company’s local development strategy.
Aside from that, Sino-French Holdings (“SFH”) was ranked number one among the “Top Ten Influential Enterprises in the Water Industry”. Over the awarding ceremony, Mr. Steve Clark, Executive Director of SFWD, received the trophy on behalf of the company. Commenting on the ranking, he expressed: “With the significant achievements in 2006, SFWD was granted this honor. In pursuit of a better performance in 2007, we will, based on these achievements, further expand our market, enhance the management and service qualities in our Joint Ventures”.
2007年4月20日星期五
4.22 World Environment Day
World Environment Day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972 to mark the opening of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. Another resolution, adopted by the General Assembly the same day, led to the creation of UNEP(联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programme).
World Environment Day can be celebrated in many ways, including street rallies, bicycles parades, green concerts, essay and poster competitions in schools, tree planting, recycling efforts, clean-up campaigns and much more.
Heads of State, Prime Ministers and Ministers of Environment deliver statements and commit themselves to care for the Earth. More serious pledges are made which lead to the establishment of permanent governmental structures dealing with environmental management and economic planning. This observance also provides an opportunity to sign or ratify international environmental conventions.
World Environment Day, commemorated each year on 5 June is one of the principal vehicles through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and action.
The World Environment Day theme selected for 2004 is Wanted! Seas and Oceans - Dead or Alive? The theme asks that we make a choice as to how we want to treat the Earth's seas and oceans. It also calls on each and every one of us to act. Do we want to keep seas and oceans healthy and alive or polluted and dead?
The main international celebrations of the World Environment Day 2004 will be held in Barcelona, Spain in close collaboration with the Universal Forum of Cultures. UNEP is honoured that the City of Barcelona, the Catalan Regional Government and the Government of Spain will be hosting this
World Environment Day can be celebrated in many ways, including street rallies, bicycles parades, green concerts, essay and poster competitions in schools, tree planting, recycling efforts, clean-up campaigns and much more.
Heads of State, Prime Ministers and Ministers of Environment deliver statements and commit themselves to care for the Earth. More serious pledges are made which lead to the establishment of permanent governmental structures dealing with environmental management and economic planning. This observance also provides an opportunity to sign or ratify international environmental conventions.
World Environment Day, commemorated each year on 5 June is one of the principal vehicles through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and action.
The World Environment Day theme selected for 2004 is Wanted! Seas and Oceans - Dead or Alive? The theme asks that we make a choice as to how we want to treat the Earth's seas and oceans. It also calls on each and every one of us to act. Do we want to keep seas and oceans healthy and alive or polluted and dead?
The main international celebrations of the World Environment Day 2004 will be held in Barcelona, Spain in close collaboration with the Universal Forum of Cultures. UNEP is honoured that the City of Barcelona, the Catalan Regional Government and the Government of Spain will be hosting this
07地球日主题为:“善待地球―从节约资源做起”
今年4月22日是第38个“世界地球日”,主题为:“善待地球——从节约资源做起”。今年“世界地球日”宣传的重点是:落实以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,树立善待地球人人有责,节约资源可以从身边做起、从自身工作做起的全民意识,构建社会主义和谐社会。
Nanosilver – A Threat To Soil, Water And Human Health?
April 20, 2007
Contact:
Ian Illuminato, Friends of the Earth U.S
202-222-0735
WASHINGTON - Responding to the growing number of products containing potentially hazardous nanosilver, Friends of the Earth Australia has prepared a detailed background paper on the potential threat of nanosilver to soil, water and human health. The paper also discusses regulatory issues surrounding the use of nanosilver and reviews the toxicological literature.
"Companies incorporating nanosilver particles into their products are exposing people and the environment to unknown threats," said Friends of the Earth Health and Environment Campaigner Ian Illuminato.
Nanosilver is only one of many new substances developed from the science of nanotechnology, where materials are manipulated at the scale of atoms and molecules. Because of its powerful bactericidal properties, nanosilver particles are incorporated into an increasing number of consumer products such as food packaging, odor resistant textiles, household appliances and medical devices including wound dressings.
Friends of the Earth Australia's report reveals studies that show soil, water, animals and even humans may be impacted by the introduction of nanosilver particles in the environment; this is because many environmental systems are dependent on sensitive bacterial balances. Nanosilver threatens a variety of delicate environmental systems including human symbiotic relationships with bacteria, soil nitrogen fixes and gentrification bacteria that play an important role in keeping waterways clean. Nanosilver may also compromise our ability to control harmful bacteria that could potentially develop resistance to 50 percent of currently used antibiotics.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced in late 2006 that it would investigate regulating as pesticides products that contain silver nanoparticles and that make claims of antimicrobial action. However, in a wholly illogical and highly unsatisfactory loophole, the EPA decision will only apply to products whose manufacturers make claims of antimicrobial action. This means that if a manufacturer withdraws marketing claims of nanosilver's antimicrobial activity, but changes nothing about the nanosilver component of a product, then that product will escape regulation as a pesticide.
"The government cannot continue to dilly dally around when it comes to protecting consumers and the environment from potentially toxic nanosilver," said Illuminato. "The EPA needs to stop relying on the word of companies with regard to nanosilver product safety and immediately consider the disturbing growing body of evidence that identifies nanosilver as potential hazardous."
Given the poorly understood toxicity risks of silver nanoparticles, the threat they pose to the public and environmental systems, and the failure of regulatory systems to manage these risks, Friends of the Earth U.S. and Australia repeat their call for an immediate moratorium on the further release, and the immediate withdrawal from the market, of products containing silver nanoparticles.
The paper is available here:
www.FOE.org/pdf/FoE_Australia_Nanosilver_report.pdf
Contact:
Ian Illuminato, Friends of the Earth U.S
202-222-0735
WASHINGTON - Responding to the growing number of products containing potentially hazardous nanosilver, Friends of the Earth Australia has prepared a detailed background paper on the potential threat of nanosilver to soil, water and human health. The paper also discusses regulatory issues surrounding the use of nanosilver and reviews the toxicological literature.
"Companies incorporating nanosilver particles into their products are exposing people and the environment to unknown threats," said Friends of the Earth Health and Environment Campaigner Ian Illuminato.
Nanosilver is only one of many new substances developed from the science of nanotechnology, where materials are manipulated at the scale of atoms and molecules. Because of its powerful bactericidal properties, nanosilver particles are incorporated into an increasing number of consumer products such as food packaging, odor resistant textiles, household appliances and medical devices including wound dressings.
Friends of the Earth Australia's report reveals studies that show soil, water, animals and even humans may be impacted by the introduction of nanosilver particles in the environment; this is because many environmental systems are dependent on sensitive bacterial balances. Nanosilver threatens a variety of delicate environmental systems including human symbiotic relationships with bacteria, soil nitrogen fixes and gentrification bacteria that play an important role in keeping waterways clean. Nanosilver may also compromise our ability to control harmful bacteria that could potentially develop resistance to 50 percent of currently used antibiotics.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced in late 2006 that it would investigate regulating as pesticides products that contain silver nanoparticles and that make claims of antimicrobial action. However, in a wholly illogical and highly unsatisfactory loophole, the EPA decision will only apply to products whose manufacturers make claims of antimicrobial action. This means that if a manufacturer withdraws marketing claims of nanosilver's antimicrobial activity, but changes nothing about the nanosilver component of a product, then that product will escape regulation as a pesticide.
"The government cannot continue to dilly dally around when it comes to protecting consumers and the environment from potentially toxic nanosilver," said Illuminato. "The EPA needs to stop relying on the word of companies with regard to nanosilver product safety and immediately consider the disturbing growing body of evidence that identifies nanosilver as potential hazardous."
Given the poorly understood toxicity risks of silver nanoparticles, the threat they pose to the public and environmental systems, and the failure of regulatory systems to manage these risks, Friends of the Earth U.S. and Australia repeat their call for an immediate moratorium on the further release, and the immediate withdrawal from the market, of products containing silver nanoparticles.
The paper is available here:
www.FOE.org/pdf/FoE_Australia_Nanosilver_report.pdf
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